PSG has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice late to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.